1-Pentanol

1-Pentanol

Names Preferred IUPAC name Identifiers 1730975 ChEBI ChEMBL ChemSpider ECHA InfoCard 100.000.684 EC Number 25922 KEGG MeSH n-Pentanol RTECS number UNII UN number 1105 Properties C5H12O Molar mass 88.150 g·mol−1 Density 0.811 g cm−3 Melting point −78 °C; −109 °F; 195 K Boiling point 137 to 139 °C; 278 to 282 °F; 410 to 412 K 22 g L−1 log P 1.348 Vapor pressure 200 Pa (at 20 °C) −67.7·10−6 cm3/mol 1.409 Thermochemistry 207.45 J K−1 mol−1 258.9 J K−1 mol−1 −351.90-−351.34 kJ mol−1 −3331.19-−3330.63 kJ mol−1 Hazards GHS labelling: Warning H226, H315, H332, H335 P261 NFPA 704 (fire diamond) Flash point 49 °C (120 °F; 322 K) 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) Related compounds Hexane

Pentylamine

1-Pentanol, (or n-pentanol, pentan-1-ol), is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH and is classified as a primary alcohol.[2] It is a colourless liquid with a distinctive aroma. It is one of 8 isomeric alcohols with the formula C5H11OH. It is used as a solvent, a biological drying agent and in the synthesis of some fragrance compounds. It is also a common component of fusel alcohols (fusel oils), the undesirable byproducts of alcoholic fermentation.

1-Pentanol is prepared from 1-butene by hydroformylation followed by hydrogenation of the resulting pentanal.[3]

CH3CH2CH=CH2 + CO + H2 → CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO + H2 → CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH

Pentanol can be prepared by fractional distillation of fusel oil. To reduce the use of fossil fuels, research is underway to develop cost-effective methods of producing (chemically identical) bio-pentanol with fermentation.[4][5]

The hydroxyl group (OH) is the active site of many reactions. The ester formed from 1-pentanol and butyric acid is pentyl butyrate, which has an apricot-like odor. The ester formed from 1-pentanol and acetic acid is amyl acetate (also called pentyl acetate), which has a banana-like odor.

It is a precursor to dipentyl zinc dithiophosphates, which are used in froth flotation.[3]

In 2014, a study was conducted comparing the performance of diesel fuel blends with various proportions of pentanol as an additive. While gaseous emissions increased with higher concentrations of pentanol, particulate emissions decreased.[6]

Pentanol is often used as a solvent.